PCT: proteina de 116 aminoacidos de
secuencia similar a la prohormona (32 aa.) de la calcitonina. La calcitonina es
producida exclusivamente por las células C de la tiroides como respuesta a los
estímulos hormonales, mientras que la PCT puede ser producida por células de
diferentes tipos y por diversos órganos como respuesta a los estímulos
pro-inflamatorios, particularmente por productos bacterianos.
La PCT No presenta la
sensibilidad y especificidad suficiente para poder
discriminar entre SIRS y Sépsis en pacientes críticos (1)
(2) Las conclusiones de este meta-analisis no prestan
soporte suficiente para el uso rutinario de la PCT en unidades de
cuidados críticos. Tampoco se recomienda estandarizar su uso en la
evaluación de fiebre postoperatoria, pancreatitis, EPOC, o pacientes
neutropénicos con cancer.
Puede tener
utilidad como indicador pronóstico, para apoyar el
diagnostico de enfermedad bacteriana (siempre dentro de contexto clínico
compatible) y monitorizar la respuesta al tto antibiótico.
Niveles normales: < 0,05 ng/ml.
Interpretacion de resultados:
- PCT <0.5 ng/ml
: Sépsis poco probable
-
Niveles
mas bajos no descartan infección

-
Puede
tratarse de infecciones de < de 6 horas de evolución
-
Bajo
riesgo de progresar a sepsis grave.
-
PCT >0.5 and <2 ng/ml:
Sepsis posible.
-
Riesgo
moderado de evolucionar a Sepsis grave.
-
Condiciones no bacterianas que pueden aumentar niveles de PCT

-
PCT >2 and <10 ng/ml:
Sepsis es probable, a menos que otras causas sean conocidas.
-
Alto
riesgo de progresión a sepsis grave
- PCT >10 ng/ml: indica SIRS importante debida
casi exclusivamente a sepsis grave o shock
séptico
-
Alto
riesgo de progresión a sepsis grave shock séptico.

Situations described where PCT can be
elevated by non-bacterial causes. These include, but are not
limited to
-
-
the first days after a major trauma, major surgical
intervention, severe burns, treatment with OKT3
antibodies and other drugs stimulating the release of
pro-inflammatory cytokines
-
patients with invasive fungal infections, acute attacks
of plasmodium falciparum malari
-
patients with prolonged or severe
cardiogenic shock, prolonged severe organ perfusion
anomalies, small cell lung cancer, medullary C-cell
carcinoma of the thyroid.
Low PCT levels not always indicate
absence of bacterial infection.
Falsely low PCT levels in the presence of bacterial infection
may accour eg. in case of
- early course of infections
- localised infections (see chapter PCT & Infection)
- subacute infectious endocarditis.
Normal range in neonates
(including 95% of all measurements)
Age in hours
|
PCT [ng/ml]
|
Age in hours
|
PCT [ng/ml]
|
0-6
|
2
|
30-36
|
15
|
6-12
|
8
|
36-42
|
8
|
12-18
|
15
|
42-48
|
2
|
18-30
|
21
|
|
|
Bibliografía
1.-Lever, Andrew1;
Mackenzie, Iain2.
Sepsis: definition, epidemiology, and diagnosis[CLINICAL REVIEW] © 2007 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Volume 335(7625), 27 October 2007, pp
879-883
- The most robust systematic review available concerns the plasma procalcitonin
concentration assay, which is not yet widely available, used to identify
patients with sepsis among critically ill patients in hospital. 2 This study
concludes that the test "cannot accurately distinguish sepsis from SIRS [systemic
inflammatory response syndrome] in critically ill adult patients. "
|
2.- Tang BM, Eslick GD, Craig JC, McLean
AS. Accuracy of procalcitonin for sepsis diagnosis in critically ill
patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:210–7.
- Procalcitonin is widely reported as a
useful biochemical marker to differentiate sepsis from other
non-infectious causes of systemic inflammatory response
syndrome. In this systematic review, we estimated the
diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin in sepsis diagnosis in
critically ill patients. 18 studies were included in the
review. Overall, the diagnostic performance of procalcitonin
was low, with mean values of both
sensitivity and specificity being 71% (95% CI 67-76)
and an area under the summary receiver operator
characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% CI 0.73-0.83). Studies
were grouped into phase 2 studies (n=14) and phase 3 studies
(n=4) by use of Sackett and Haynes' classification. Phase 2
studies had a low pooled diagnostic odds ratio of 7.79 (95%
CI 5.86-10.35). Phase 3 studies showed significant
heterogeneity because of variability in sample size (meta-regression
coefficient -0.592, p=0.017), with diagnostic performance
upwardly biased in smaller studies, but moving towards a
null effect in larger studies. Procalcitonin cannot reliably
differentiate sepsis from other non-infectious causes of
systemic inflammatory response syndrome in critically ill
adult patients. The findings from this study do not lend
support to the widespread use of the procalcitonin test in
critical care settings.
|
3.- UptoDate©2007
www.uptodate.com |
4.-
B·R·A·H·M·S Diagnostica
http://www.procalcitonin.com |

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