©2007 UpToDate®

Modifying factors that increase the risk of infection with specific pathogens
Penicillin-resistant and drug-resistant pneumococci
Age >65 yr
[Beta]-lactam therapy within the last 3 months
Alcoholism
Immune-suppressive illness (including therapy with corticosteroids)
Multiple medical comorbidities
Exposure to a child in a day care center
Enteric gram-negatives
Residence in a nursing home
Underlying cardiopulmonary disease
Multiple medcial comorbidities
Recent antibiotic therapy
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Structural lung disease (bronchiectasis)
Corticosteroid therapy (>10 mg prednisone per day)
Broad-spectrum antiobiotic thearpy for >7 days in the past month
Malnutrition

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